Efficiency of dopant-induced ignition of helium nanoplasmas

Helium nanodroplets irradiated by intense near-infrared laser pulses ignite and form highly ionized nanoplasmas even at laser intensities where helium is not directly ionized by the optical field, provided the droplets contain a few dopant atoms.We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the He Motor Parts nanoplasma ignition dynamics for various dopant species.We find that the efficiency of dopants to ignite a nanoplasma in helium droplets strongly varies and mostly depends on (i) the number of free electrons each dopant donates upon ionization, (ii) the pick-up process, and (iii) the hitherto unexplored effect of Cushion the dopant location in or on the droplet.

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